NATO-Russia project for detecting “dirty bombs”

The device is the result of a two-year NATO-Russia Science for Peace Project, co-directed by Mr. C.J. De Ruiter of TNO (Organization for Applied Scientific Research), the Netherlands and Dr. A. Kuznetsov of the Khlopin Radium Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia. The project’s aim was to design and build a prototype device to detect concealed explosives, radiological, nuclear and chemical substances.

Named SENNA, the device could have a number of different applications. These include improving transport security by on-site analysis of suspicious containers or luggage; protecting critical infrastructure or public buildings by on-site detection at facilities; and promoting better security for troops deployed in crisis-management operations by allowing on-site detection in the field.

This project clearly demonstrates the vital work of the Science for Peace and Security Programme in developing technologies for defence against terrorism, which is a shared objective of the Allies and Russia.

How does it work?

The device is based on nanosecond neutron analysis technology and includes a compact neutron generator and an array of four gamma-ray and three neutron detectors. It is a multi-sensor – this means that when the neutron generator is off, it can detect and identify radioactive and unshielded nuclear materials, and when the neutron generator is on, it becomes a detector of explosives and chemical substances, as well as of heavily shielded nuclear materials.

Due to the high penetrating ability of neutrons and high-energy gamma rays, the device can “see” through barriers and detect threat materials located inside unattended passenger luggage, transport containers, etc. The device is position sensitive – not only can it detect a hazardous material, it can also show its location inside the inspected object.