NATO
Logistics
Handbook
October 1997
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Chapter 14: Movement and Transportation
Movement and Transportation Policies
1404. General Policies
- NATO and national military and civil authorities
are responsible for the development of directives,
procedures and organizations for the movement and
transportation of NATO forces.
- Movement and transportation planning to support
military operations should be carried out and coordinated on
a combined service and joint military/civil basis encompassing all modes of transport. Separate planning for maritime, land and air components of force
packages should be avoided. NATO civil transportation experts are a valuable asset and should be included in the development of NATO contingency plans.
- Nations are responsible for providing
sufficient movement and transportation resources for the
deploy-ment, transportation for sustainment (resupply),
and redeployment of their forces. However, nations
should make resources available to NATO for shared use. Use
of resources should be responsive to NATO's
operational requirements and coordinated at the appropriate level.
- Movement and transportation planning and
execution should be supported by standardized and harmonized
procedures. This is of particular importance when
crossing international borders. Furthermore, multi- or
bilateral transport support agreements among nations should
be developed to facilitate movements.
- NATO and national military authorities will be responsible
for operational support planning. Movement and
transportation planning for NATO operations should be prioritized
and coordinated by the appropriate NATO Commander.
- Optimum use should be made of both military and
civil transport resources, facilities, and infrastructure,
including host nation support.
- Nations are invited to ensure that national legislation
or other arrangements cater sufficiently for the
acquisition of movement and transportation resources for Article
5 and non-Article 5 operations. The Senior Civil
Emergency Planning Committee (SCEPC) will monitor and
advise nations on the adequacy of legislation or other
national measures, as appropriate, to support Alliance
movement and transportation capabilities.
- Planning to ensure the required degree of
Alliance strategic and operational mobility should consider
the possibility of static or mobile prepositioning of
stocks, material, and equipment in order to improve
movement and transportation reaction time.
- Movement and transportation planning will be as
specific as possible, while retaining the necessary
flexibility required by NATO's Concept of Reinforcement.
- Appropriate NATO Commanders will review
the effectiveness of military arrangements, both NATO
and national, in support of the Alliance's movement
and transportation requirements.
- Nations should assist where necessary by
making available to the appropriate Commander those
military transportation resources that are not committed
for national requirements when requested.
- NATO and nations will use the Allied Deployment
and Movement System (ADAMS) as the planning tool
to facilitate deployment planning and transfer of information.
- NATO and national military authorities will
ensure harmonised casualty evacuation is incorporated
into movement plans.
1405. Policy on Civil Support to the Military
- Civil support to the military will be of critical
importance in achieving the desired flexibility in support of
Alliance objectives. The military will, at the appropriate
level, require the close cooperation of the Alliance
movement and transportation bodies of Civil Emergency
Planning (CEP) to assess and define the capability, availability,
and feasibility of civil transport support.
- NATO and nations should make arrangements for
close and well structured cooperation between military
and civil authorities.
1406. Policy on Military Support to Civil Operations.
Military support to civil operations will be conducted using the
same principles and policies as described above.
1407. Policy on Resource Acquisition
- Nations are primarily responsible for the provision
of transportation resources. National operational
support planning should involve appropriate national civil
as well as military transport authorities in the
acquisition process, which should extend as appropriate to
both national and non-national sources. Nations
should consider:
- Entering into bi- or multilateral agreements
with other nations concerning the provision of
movement and transportation resources.
- Making appropriate arrangements for gaining
access to civil transport resources by using normal
commercial practices to the maximum extent, including
possible use of both non-NATO nations'
transportation resources and contractual arrangements that
become operative under specific conditions.
- Applying to the appropriate Allied Command
for access to military transportation resources
made available by other nations for shared use, to
include any agreed arrangements for pooling of
military transportation resources.
- Approaching the civil transportation market in
a coordinated manner through NATO Headquarters, thus acquiring resources in accordance with operational priorities and minimizing national competition
for resources.
- Making arrangements for the control or
redirection of civil transportation resources, if it appears that
the commercial market may be unable to meet
require-ments. These may be constitutional, statutory,
or contractual, and may include bi- or multilateral
or Alliance arrangements.
- Reporting to the appropriate NATO authorities,
those military and civil transportation resources which
may be available for shared use.
- Given that civil transportation resources
normally operate in market conditions, NATO and
national authorities will need to continue to devise
collective arrangements which ensure that suitable civil
resources can be quickly and reliably obtained.
- The nation using a transportation resource of
another nation is responsible forreimbursing the nation or
agency providing that resource, if such reimbursement
is required.
1408. Policy on Command and Control of Movement
and Transport Resources
- The command and control of movement and
transport resources will remain with the owning nations
unless nations have made other arrangements with
NATO authorities.
- NATO will provide mission assignment to nations,
who will undertake operational command and control
and detailed mission tasking of movement and trans-portation resources.
1409. Policy on Communications and Automated
Data Processing (ADP) Support
- Interoperable, and where required, secure
communications and ADP facilities are necessary to support
the acquisition of movement and transportation
resources and to enable appropriate planning, control
and coordination.
- NATO and national movement and
transportation authorities must continue to support development of
a network of NATO and national communications systems, in order that allied and national movement and transportation staffs can communicate rapidly
for planning and execution.
- To be viable, the communications and ADP systems
must provide commanders with timely information concerning status of force deployment, availability of transportation resources, and status of the lines
of communication.
- Linkage should exist between military and
civil transportation authorities, and their related
communi-cations networks.
- Communications and ADP support
programmes concerning movement and transportation
systems should be incorporated within the overall ACE
Automated Command and Control Information System
(ACE ACCIS) and the North Atlantic Command and
Control Information System (NACCIS) architecture.
- Nations should continue to support the development
of the ADAMS, and the establishment of an ADP
network linking key movement and transport agencies within
the Alliance.
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